Subject, Object, Appositive, Conditional Sentence and Modifier Super Suggestions class এর মাধ্যমে বেসিক থেকে সবাইকে বুঝানোর চেষ্টা করা হয়েচে। কোথাও কোন কিছু বুঝতে সমস্যা হলে কমেন্ট করে জানিয়ে দিবেন। 

Appositive

যখন দু’টি Noun পাশাপাশি বসে একই ব্যাক্তি বা বস্তুকে বুঝায় তখন দ্বিতীয় Noun টিকে প্রথম Noun এর Appositive বলে।

• Appositve অংশটুকু প্রথম Noun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করে।
• Appostive অংশ Noun/Noun phrase এর কাজ করে।
• উল্লেখ্য, Appositive অংশের পূর্বে ও পরে কমা বসে।

Mr. Rahim, The headmaster of our school, has gone to China.

Her mother, Selina, works hard.

His brother, Arif, reads well.

Classification: 3 kinds of appositive

1. Subjective Appositive
2. Objective Appositive
3. Possessive Appositive

Subjective Appositive: Subject এর পরে বসে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করে।

1. Dipto, a student of papel edu care, reads attentively.
2. Roni, math teacher of papel edu care, is punctual

    Objective Appositive: Objective এর পরে বসে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করে।

1. They met Basher, a writer of English
2. We invited Goutam, a regular online student

Possessive Appositive:  Object এর পরে বসে অধিকার প্রকাশ করে।

1. I have read Nazrul, the poet’s works.
2. He read John Keats, the poet’s poems.

Conditional Sentences

Condition (শর্ত) এর Adjective form Conditional (শর্তযুক্ত)। Conditional sentence মানে শর্তযুক্ত বাক্যা।

• যে অংশে শর্ত থাকে তার পূর্বে if থাকে।

If you come, I will go

Classification: 3 kinds of Conditional sentence

1. 1^st conditional sentence
2. 2^nd conditional sentence
3. 3^rd conditional sentence

• 1^st Conditional examples:

1. If you read, you will pass.
2. If I see him, I will tell him the matter
3. If you run fast, you can get the train

• 2^nd Conditional examples:

1. If you came, I would go
2. If you worked there, I would get a handsome salary
3. If you worked hard, you could prosper in life

• 3^rd Conditional examples:

1. If I had seen him, I would have told him matter
2. If you had come earlier, you would have seen him

Modifier

• Modifier একটি word বা phrase
• Noun এর পূর্বে অথবা পরে বসে।
• Noun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করে।

যে word বা phrase, Noun এর পূর্বে অথবা পরে বসে উক্ত Noun কে Modify করে বা উক্ত Noun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক তথ্য প্রদান করে তাকে Modifier বলে।

Examples:

                        He is a wise man.

                        The boy playing in the field is strong.

এখানে `wise’ adjective টি `man’ noun এর পূর্বে বসে সে সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করেছে। তাই ‘wise’ একটি Modifier.

আবার `Playing in the field’ phrase টি `Boy’ Noun টির পরে বসে উক্ত Noun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করেছে তাই playing in the field একটি Modifier.

Classification: 2 kinds of Modifier

1. Pre-modifier
2. Post modifier

Pre-modifier

• Pre শব্দের অর্থ পূর্ব
• Noun/noun phrase এর headword এর পূর্বে বসে।
• Determiner এর পরে বসে।

যে Modifier, Noun বা Noun Phrase এর headword এর পূর্বে এবং Determiner এর পরে বসে, তাকে Pre-modifier বলে। উপরের উদাহারনে wise হলো Pre-modifier.

Pre-modifier হিসেবে যারা কাজ করে

1. Adjectijve: She is an intelligent girl
2. Participle: Everybody respects a learned man

• Noun: A train journey is pleasant.

1. Noun adjective: Rahim presented karim a fob chanin
2. Compounds: It is a back-dated
3. Demonstrative pronoun: That house is mine.

• Adverb: The down train will be stopped.
• Possessives: Karim’s father is M. A Rahim.

Post-modifier

• Post শব্দের অর্থ পরে।

যে Modifier, Noun বা Noun Phrase এর headword এর পরে বসে, তাকে Post-modifier বলে। উপরের উদাহারনে playing in the field e হলো Post-modifier.

Post-modifier হিসেবে যারা কাজ করে

1. Infinitive Phrase: His plan to start the business ended in smoke.
2. Present Participle Phrase: I saw a porter lying on the floor.

• Past Participle Phrase: The machines made in a local factory are working well.

1. Adjective:
2. Relative clause: The girl who lost her pen is poor.
3. Prepositional phrase: The lady on the road is my sister.

• Appositives: Mr Dipto, a writer of English, has come to home
• Adverb: The rules below must be followed.

1. Identifying subject, object, appositive, conditional sentence and modifier from the sentences.
2. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet (Object) > Hamlet
3. They invited Mr, Karim, a professor of English (appositive)> a professor of English
4. Everyone believes an honest person (Modifier)> honest
5. If he read, he will learn (conditional)> If he read
6. Birds can fly in the sky. (subject)> Birds
7. I ordered for hot coffee. (Modifier)> hot
8. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is a big city (appositive)> the capital of Bangladesh.
9. If I had money, I would buy a car (conditional)> If I had
10. He is a good teacher. (Pre modifier)> good
11. The people of our villages live happily (subject)> the people of our village.
12. If I were you, I would do it. (conditional)
13. She took a cabin that was small (Post-modifier)
14. Bangladesh is a small country. (Pre-modifier)
15. If you work hard, you will professor. (types of conditional)
16. Shaikh Saadi, the great Persian poet, was simple in his ways of life. (appositive)
17. If he came, I would go (type of conditional)
18. The meritorious students make good results. (pre-modifier)
19. We presented him a gift (Object)
20. If he had played well, he would have won. (conditional sentence)
21. The girl can sing a song. (Subject)
22. Golam Mustafa, a professor of English, came here. (Appositive)
23. The people of our village live happily. (Subject)
24. The man who came here is old. (Post-modifier)
25. The hero fell in love (Subject).
26. He and I went there to work. (subject)
27. The man kissed the baby (object)
28. My only son, Alif Ahmed, reads well (appositive)
29. If you come, I will go there (conditional sentence)
30. The learned man posted the letter. (pre-modifier)
31. I finished the work (Object)
32. He saw Mrs Salma, a teacher (appositive)
33. I gave him a pen (Object)
34. The child likes sweet (Object)
35. I saw the girl dancing on the stage. (Subject)
36. My father, Mr. Nurul Islam, lives in Dhaka (appositive)
37. Contaminated water should be avoided (Pre-modifier)
38. If he does not move, he will die (Conditional)
39. The lady on the stage looks nice. (Post modifier)
40. A man has stolen my watch (Subject)
41. I hate the dishonest people (Modifier)
42. We love our country, (subject)
43. I like my mother most (Object)
44. He loves books. (Object)
45. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, stands on the Buriganga. (appositive)
46. If you work hard, you will prosper. (Type of conditional)
47. He is a good teacher. (pre-modifier)
48. The people of our village live happily. (Subject)

***Identifying subject, object, appositive, conditional sentence and modifier from the sentences.

1. The child likes sweet. (object)
2. I saw the girl dancing on the state (Subject)
3. My Father, Mr Nur Islam, lives in Dhaka. (Appositive)
4. Contaminated water should be avoided. (Pre-modifier)
5. If he does not move, he will die. (Conditional).
6. The lady on the stage looks nice. (Post-modifier).
7. A man has stolen my watch (Subject).
8. I hate the dishonest people (Modifier).

Subject and Object

Principal verb কে যদি  ‘কে’ বা ‘কারা’ দিয়ে  প্রশ্ন করলে উত্তর পাওয়া যায় তবে তাই Subject। যেমন

Hena reads a book. (কে বই পড়ে?) এখানে read (পড়া) – principal verb

Principal verb কে যদি  ‘কী’ বা ‘কাকে’ দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে উত্তর পাওয়া যায় তবে তাই object যেমন

 ‘Hena reads a book.(হেনা কী পড়ে?)র্

Appositive

যখন দু’টি Noun পাশাপাশি বসে একই ব্যাক্তি বা বস্তুকে বুঝায় তখন দ্বিতীয় Noun টিকে প্রথম Noun এর Appositive বলে।

• Appositve অংশটুকু প্রথম Noun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করে।
• Appostive অংশ Noun/Noun phrase এর কাজ করে।
• উল্লেখ্য, Appositive অংশের পূর্বে ও পরে কমা বসে।

Mr. Rahim, The headmaster of our school, has gone to China.

Her mother, Selina, works hard.

His brother, Arif, reads well.

Modifier

• Modifier একটি word বা phrase
• Noun এর পূর্বে অথবা পরে বসে।
• Noun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করে।

যে word বা phrase, Noun এর পূর্বে অথবা পরে বসে উক্ত Noun কে Modify করে বা উক্ত Noun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক তথ্য প্রদান করে তাকে Modifier বলে।

Examples:

                        He is a wise man.

                        The boy playing in the field is strong.

এখানে `wise’ adjective টি `man’ noun এর পূর্বে বসে সে সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করেছে। তাই ‘wise’ একটি Modifier.

আবার `Playing in the field’ phrase টি `Boy’ Noun টির পরে বসে উক্ত Noun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করেছে তাই playing in the field একটি Modifier.

Classification: 2 kinds of Modifier

3. Pre-modifier
4. Post modifier

Pre-modifier

• Pre শব্দের অর্থ পূর্ব
• Noun/noun phrase এর headword এর পূর্বে বসে।
• Determiner এর পরে বসে।

যে Modifier, Noun বা Noun Phrase এর headword এর পূর্বে এবং Determiner এর পরে বসে, তাকে Pre-modifier বলে। উপরের উদাহারনে wise হলো Pre-modifier.

Pre-modifier হিসেবে যারা কাজ করে

1. Adjectijve: She is an intelligent girl
2. Participle: Everybody respects a learned man
3. Noun: A train journey is pleasant.

• Noun adjective: Rahim presented karim a fob chanin
• Compounds: It is a back-dated
• Demonstrative pronoun: That house is mine.

1. Adverb: The down train will be stopped.

• Possessives: Karim’s father is M. A Rahim.

Post-modifier

• Post শব্দের অর্থ পরে।

যে Modifier, Noun বা Noun Phrase এর headword এর পরে বসে, তাকে Post-modifier বলে। উপরের উদাহারনে playing in the field e হলো Post-modifier.

Post-modifier হিসেবে যারা কাজ করে

1. Infinitive Phrase: His plan to start the business ended in smoke.
2. Present Participle Phrase: I saw a porter lying on the floor.
3. Past Participle Phrase: The machines made in a local factory are working well.

• Adjective:
• Relative clause: The girl who lost her pen is poor.
• Prepositional phrase: The lady on the road is my sister.

1. Appositives: Mr Dipto, a writer of English, has come to home

• Adverb: The rules below must be followed.

Conditional Sentences

Condition (শর্ত) এর Adjective form Conditional (শর্তযুক্ত)। Conditional sentence মানে শর্তযুক্ত বাক্যা।

• যে অংশে শর্ত থাকে তার পূর্বে if থাকে।

If you come, I will go

Classification: 3 kinds of Conditional sentence

4. 1^st conditional sentence
5. 2^nd conditional sentence
6. 3^rd conditional sentence

• 1^st Conditional examples:

4. If you read, you will pass.
5. If I see him, I will tell him the matter
6. If you run fast, you can get the train

• 2^nd Conditional examples:

4. If you came, I would go
5. If you worked there, I would get a handsome salary
6. If you worked hard, you could prosper in life

• 3^rd Conditional examples:

3. If I had seen him, I would have told him matter
4. If you had come earlier, you would have seen him

1. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet (Object) > Hamlet
2. They invited Mr, Karim, a professor of English (appositive)> a professor of English
3. Everyone believes an honest person (Modifier)> honest
4. If he read, he will learn (conditional)> If he read
5. Birds can fly in the sky. (subject)> Birds

• I ordered for hot coffee. (Modifier)> hot
• Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is a big city (appositive)> the capital of Bangladesh.
• If I had money, I would buy a car (conditional)> If I had
• He is a good teacher. (Pre modifier)> good
• The people of our villages live happily (subject)> the people of our village.
• If I were you, I would do it. (conditional)
• She took a cabin that was small (Post-modifier)
• Bangladesh is a small country. (Pre-modifier)
• If you work hard, you will professor. (types of conditional)
• Shaikh Saadi, the great Persian poet, was simple in his ways of life. (appositive)
• If he came, I would go (type of conditional)
• The meritorious students make good results. (pre-modifier)
• We presented him a gift (Object)
• If he had played well, he would have won. (conditional sentence)
• The girl can sing a song. (Subject)
• Golam Mustafa, a professor of English, came here. (Appositive)
• The people of our village live happily. (Subject)
• The man who came here is old. (Post-modifier)
• The hero fell in love (Subject).
• He and I went there to work. (subject)
• The man kissed the baby (object)
• My only son, Alif Ahmed, reads well (appositive)
• If you come, I will go there (conditional sentence)
• The learned man posted the letter. (pre-modifier)
• I finished the work (Object)
• He saw Mrs Salma, a teacher (appositive)
• I gave him a pen (Object)
• The child likes sweet (Object)
• I saw the girl dancing on the stage. (Subject)
• My father, Mr. Nurul Islam, lives in Dhaka (appositive)
• Contaminated water should be avoided (Pre-modifier)
• If he does not move, he will die (Conditional)
• The lady on the stage looks nice. (Post modifier)
• A man has stolen my watch (Subject)
• I hate the dishonest people (Modifier)
• We love our country, (subject)
• I like my mother most (Object)
• He loves books. (Object)
• Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, stands on the Buriganga. (appositive)
• If you work hard, you will prosper. (Type of conditional)
• He is a good teacher. (pre-modifier)
• The people of our village live happily. (Subject)